Saransk
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| Saransk Саранск (Russian) Саранош (Moksha) Саран ош (Erzya) |
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 View of Saransk |
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.svg) Location of the Republic of Mordovia in Russia |
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 Saransk
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| City Day | June 12[citation needed] |
| Administrative status (as of May 2014) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Republic of Mordovia[1] |
| Administratively subordinated to | city of republic significance of Saransk[1] |
| Capital of | Republic of Mordovia[2] |
| Administrative center of | city of republic significance of Saransk[1] |
| Municipal status (as of March 2010) | |
| Urban okrug | Saransk Urban Okrug[3] |
| Administrative center of | Saransk Urban Okrug[3] |
| Head of Administration[citation needed] | Pyotr Tultayev[citation needed] |
| Representative body | Council of Deputies[citation needed] |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 383 km2 (148 sq mi)[4] |
| Population (2010 Census) | 297,415 inhabitants[5] |
| - Rank in 2010 | 64th |
| Density | 777/km2 (2,010/sq mi)[6] |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00)[7] |
| Founded | 1641[citation needed] |
| City status since | 1780[citation needed] |
| Postal code(s)[8] | 430000–430013, 430015–430019, 430021, 430023–430025, 430027, 430028, 430030–430034, 430700, 430899, 430950, 995300 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8342[citation needed] |
| Website | www |
| Saransk on Wikimedia Commons | |
Saransk (Russian: Саранск, IPA: [sɐˈransk]; Moksha: Саранош[citation needed]; Erzya: Саран ош[citation needed]) is the capital city of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia, as well as its financial and economic center. It is located in the Volga basin at the confluence of the Saranka and Insar Rivers, about 630 kilometers (390 mi) east of Moscow. Population: 297,415 (2010 Census);[5] 304,866 (2002 Census);[9] 312,128 (1989 Census).[10]
Contents
History[edit]
The Russian fortress Atemar, founded in 1641,[citation needed] took its name from a nearby Mordvin village; at the time the fortress stood on the southeastern frontier of the Tsardom of Russia. The current name, "Saransk", refers to the city's situation on the Saranka river. Soon after its founding, the city became an important trade center for nearby Erzya villagers. After 1708 Saransk was assigned to Azov Province, and later to the Kazan Governorate. In 1780 the settlement was granted town status and was again transferred, this time to the Penza Governorate.[citation needed] In 1928 Saransk become the administrative center of the newly established Mordvin National Okrug, which became the Mordovian Autonomous Oblast in 1930. Soviet planners reconstructed the old city center in the 1960s and 1970s, adding wide streets and planning the construction of massive residential areas.
Administrative and municipal status[edit]
Saransk is the capital of the republic.[2] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with three work settlements (Lukhovka, Nikolayevka, and Yalga) and thirteen rural localities, incorporated as the city of republic significance of Saransk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Saransk is incorporated as Saransk Urban Okrug.[3]
Climate[edit]
Saransk has a relatively chilly version of the humid continental climate[11] with warm but not hot summers and cold winters, that averages well below freezing for five months of the year. Transition periods are extremely short and only April and October are between 0 °C (32 °F) and 10 °C (50 °F) in mean temperatures.
| Climate data for Saransk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 11.0 (51.8) |
5.0 (41) |
10.0 (50) |
28.9 (84) |
32.2 (90) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.9 (93) |
36.1 (97) |
31.1 (88) |
23.0 (73.4) |
13.9 (57) |
10.0 (50) |
36.1 (97) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −10.5 (13.1) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−2.2 (28) |
10.6 (51.1) |
19.2 (66.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
23.9 (75) |
22.4 (72.3) |
17.2 (63) |
7.4 (45.3) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
8.2 (46.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −13.5 (7.7) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
6.4 (43.5) |
13.9 (57) |
16.8 (62.2) |
18.4 (65.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
4.0 (39.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −17.2 (1) |
−16.5 (2.3) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
2.1 (35.8) |
8.1 (46.6) |
11.0 (51.8) |
13.2 (55.8) |
11.7 (53.1) |
7.0 (44.6) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −34.0 (−29.2) |
−36.1 (−33) |
−30.0 (−22) |
−10.0 (14) |
−2.2 (28) |
1.1 (34) |
3.9 (39) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−5.0 (23) |
−17.2 (1) |
−22.2 (−8) |
−28.9 (−20) |
−36.1 (−33) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 32 (1.26) |
24 (0.94) |
25 (0.98) |
32 (1.26) |
39 (1.54) |
59 (2.32) |
74 (2.91) |
50 (1.97) |
49 (1.93) |
47 (1.85) |
44 (1.73) |
35 (1.38) |
510 (20.08) |
| Source: [12] | |||||||||||||
Industry[edit]
Industrial activity in Saransk includes the production of electrical cables, chemical production, textile manufacturing, food processing, machine building, and metallurgy. The city has two thermal power stations. The city has the confectionery plant Lamzur.
The most notable industrial enterprises include the Lisma Electrical Factory which employs nearly 12,000 people; the Biokhimik pharmaceutical facility; Rezinotekhnika, a rubber products manufacturer; cable manufacturer Saranskkabel; and Elektrovypryamitel, which manufactures electronic components and, on a small scale, television sets.
Demographics[edit]
Saransk is by far the largest city in Mordovia and accounts for 34.3% of the total population of the republic (as of the 2002 Census). Ethnic Russians form the majority of the population (about 85%), and Russian, rather than any of two co-official Mordvinic languages, is the common language of communication in the city. As with many provincial capitals in Russia, the population of Saransk decreased after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, primarily as a result of economic migration to larger cities, made especially attractive by the downsizing, or outright collapse, of many smaller, regional, industrial enterprises. The population started to grow again in 2009.
Culture and religion[edit]
The Saransk Regional Museum is dedicated primarily to the history of the city, while the Mordovian Museum of Visual Arts has an excellent collection of works by Russian masters Stepan Erzia and Fedot Sychkov.
The city is also home to Mordovian State University (founded in 1957) as well as several technical colleges.
Saransk has three Orthodox Churches and also a small Lutheran Church provided by the Finnish Lutheran Church and opened in 2005. There are also three Mosques. The main cathedral in Saransk is Cathedral of St. Theodore Ushakov, which was completed in 2006.
Saransk has several theaters, including:
- State Russian Drama Theatre
State Russian Drama Theatre of the Republic of Mordovia was founded in August 25, 1932 and, initially was called Mordovian National Theatre.
The first theatrical season was opened with the plays «Poverty is No Vice» by Alexander Ostrovsky and «Crank» by Alexander Afinogenov. The plays were directed by Nina Grigorskaya and Boris Brilliantov, the directors of the Maly Theatre. During the World War II it was free for everyone who wanted to come and see the plays. The most popular plot was the Russian Civil War. Since 1950-s the theatre has presented mostly the classical Russian plays, such as «Anna Karenina», «Uncle Vanya» etc. Since 2006 the theatre has hosted the International festival «Compatriots».
Now it is situated in Sovetskaya Street, 60. The present director of the theatre is Sergey Igonkin. Nowadays the theatre is being reconstructed.
New Opera and Ballet Theater buildings of Yaushev was open on September 9, 2011 in Saransk.
- State Puppet Theater of the Republic of Mordovia
- Mordovia National Drama Theatre
Mordovia National Drama Theatre is situated in Saransk, the capital of Mordovia. It was founded in 1932 by Moscow Academy of Maly Theatre . Initially the theatre performed Russian classics, translated into the Mordovian languages, but later they began to adapt the drama works of national authors for the stage.
The theatre was reopened in 1989. It was given an old building with 35 seats for the audience in semi-basement room. The graduates of M. S. Schepkin acting school became its first artists. For that they were sent to Moscow to get education exactly for this purpose. In 2007 the theatre was given a new building. His opening ceremony was 21 July 2007 during International festival "Shumbrat, Finno-Ugria".
Cityscape and architecture[edit]
The city has a large number of buildings remaining from the 17th and 18th centuries; however, many parts of the town are dominated by Soviet era apartment blocks, dating mainly from the 1960s, similar to other provincial towns which expanded rapidly due to fast industrialization. These buildings are nearing the end of their service life and are in need of serious repair and, in many cases, replacement. Industrial enterprises are mainly located to the north of the town center. The eastern part of Saransk, located east of the Insar River, is Posop. An interesting detail is the Soviet era military base, belonging to the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, which is located along the railway lines and serves of a time when Saransk was, effectively, a closed city. Another city landmark is the Saransk TV Tower — a 180-meter-tall guyed tubular steel mast built in 1961.
As in any other city, Saransk has many monuments. These are some of them:
- Monument to Pugachev
- The Monument of Eternal glory
- Monument to Puskin
- Monument to Polezhaev
- Monument to Heroes-stratonauts
- Monument of The Plane
- Family Monument
Family Monument is one of the most popular and interesting ones. It is set in the center of the city, near the Cathedral of St. Feodor Ushakov, at the crossroads of Sovietskaya and the Democraticheskaya streets. It was opened in 2008, which was declared the Year of Family in Russia. The author of the monument is a sculptor Nikolai Filatov. This monument is a symbol of absolute family values, the true foundation of society. The sculpture depicts a life-size large family. They are the husband with a little child on his shoulders, his pregnant wife, the mother of the children and two more children, holding on to their parents. Monument is realistic and dynamic because all people are shown at the time of movement. The place for the monument was chosen with the special idea, because it is located in front of the Cathedral of St. Feodor Ushakov. On the wedding day some new families visit the monument of the family, sincerely believing that the sculpture will bring them good luck.
Transportation[edit]
The municipal transit system of Saransk consists primarily of a network of bus and trolleybus lines.
Saransk I railway station is a station on the Kuybyshev Railway. The city has additional stations serving regional railways to Ruzayevka and Krasny Uzel. Formerly, Saransk was also served by two daily Penza–Nizhny Novgorod passenger trains, carrying passengers from nearby villages mainly to either Ruzayevka junction station and Penza or to Arzamas and Nizhny Novgorod.
There is a daily direct train service with Moscow.
The city is served by the small Saransk Airport (IATA: SKX, ICAO: UWPS) southeast of downtown. It is served primarily by small regional carriers; the most common aircraft is the An-24. There are scheduled flights to and from Moscow's Domodedovo airport on weekdays. Saransk is also home to the Lyambir airforce base.
Twin towns and sister cities[edit]
Saransk is twinned with:[13]
Botevgrad, Bulgaria
Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland- Sieradz, Poland
Notable people[edit]
- Mikhail Bakhtin who lived and taught in Saransk between 1949 and 1969. A monument to Bakhtin unveiled in 2015 in the city.
- Gérard Depardieu, registered as a resident of Saransk since February 2013 [14]
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Law #7-Z
- ^ a b Constitution of the Republic of Mordovia, Article 109
- ^ a b c Law #114-Z
- ^ "Саранск — столица Мордовии". Администрация городского округа Саранск. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и авт��номных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ^ "Saransk, Mordovia, Russia Climate Summary". Weatherbase. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
- ^ "Saransk, Mordovia, Russia Temperature Averages". Weatherbase. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
- ^ http://adm-saransk.ru/saransk/
- ^ Gérard Depardieu registered as Russian resident amid tax row with France
Sources[edit]
- Конституционное собрание Республики Мордовия. 21 сентября 1995 г. «Конституция Республики Мордовия (текст в ред. от 15 марта 2011 г.)», в ред. Закона №62-З от 3 сентября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в статьи 71 и 94 Конституции Республики Мордовия». Вступил в силу 22 сентября 1995 г. Опубликован: "Известия Мордовии", №180, 22 сентября 1995 г. (Constitutional Assembly of the Republic of Mordovia. September 21, 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Mordovia (text of rev. of March 15, 2011), as amended by the Law #62-Z of September 3, 2015 On Amending Articles 71 and 94 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mordovia. Effective as of September 22, 1995.).
- Государственное Собрание Республики Мордовия. Закон №7-З от 23 марта 1998 г. «О порядке решения вопросов административно-территориального устройства Республики Мордовия», в ред. Закона №44-З от 15 июня 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в пункт 25 Приложения к Закону Республики Мордовия "О порядке решения вопросов административно-территориального устройства Республики Мордовия"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Известия Мордовии", №54, 25 марта 1998 г. (State Assembly of the Republic of Mordovia. Law #7-Z of March 23, 1998 On the Procedures of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Mordovia, as amended by the Law #44-Z of June 15, 2015 On Amending Item 25 of the Appendix to the Law of the Republic of Mordovia "On the Procedures of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Mordovia". Effective as of the official publication date.).
- Государственное Собрание Республики Мордовия. Закон №114-З от 28 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границы городского округа Саранск и наделении его статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №27-З от 12 марта 2010 г «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Республики Мордовия, устанавливающие границы муниципальных образований». Вступил в силу 1 января 2006 г., за исключением статьи 2, вступившей в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Известия Мордовии", №198-22, 30 декабря 2004 г. (State Assembly of the Republic of Mordovia. Law #114-Z of December 28, 2004 On Establishing the Border of Saransk Urban Okrug and on Granting Urban Okrug Status to It, as amended by the Law #27-Z of March 12, 2010 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Mordovia, Which Establish the Borders of the Municipal Formations. Effective as of January 1, 2006, with the exception of Article 2, which takes effect 10 days after the official publication date.).
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