Campos do Jordão

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Município de Campos do Jordão
View over Campos do Jordão
View over Campos do Jordão
Flag of Município de Campos do Jordão
Flag		 Official seal of Município de Campos do Jordão
Seal
Nickname(s): Suíça Brasileira (Brazilian Switzerland)
Location of Campos do Jordão in the state of São Paulo
Location of Campos do Jordão in the state of São Paulo
Coordinates: 22°44′22″S 45°35′29″W / 22.73944°S 45.59139°W / -22.73944; -45.59139Coordinates: 22°44′22″S 45°35′29″W / 22.73944°S 45.59139°W / -22.73944; -45.59139
Country  Brazil
Region Southeast
State  São Paulo
Metropolitan Region Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte
Founded April 29, 1874
Government
 • Mayor Frederico Guidoni (PSDB)
Area
 • Total 290.52 km2 (112.17 sq mi)
Elevation[1] 1,628 m (5,341 ft)
Population (2015)
 • Total 50,852
 • Density 180/km2 (450/sq mi)
Time zone BRT (UTC-3)
 • Summer (DST) BRST (UTC-2)
Postal Code 12460-000
Area code(s) +55 12
HDI (2000) 0.820 – high
Website Campos do Jordão, São Paulo

Campos do Jordão (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈkɐ̃pus du ʒoɾˈdɐ̃w]) is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in southeastern Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte.[2] The population is 50,852 (2015 est.) in an area of 290.52 square kilometres (112.17 sq mi).[3] The city is situated 1,628 metres (5,341 ft) above sea level and is the highest city in Brazil.[4]

Features[edit]

The municipality contains the 8,341 hectares (20,610 acres) Campos do Jordão State Park, created in 1941.[5] It contains the 503 hectares (1,240 acres) Mananciais de Campos do Jordão State Park, created in 1993 to protect the water supply of the municipal seat.[6] It also contains the 28,800 hectares (71,000 acres) Campos do Jordão Environmental Protection Area, created in 1984.[7]

The Mantiqueira Mountains provide unique panoramic views, and the municipality's region still has undeveloped old growth Atlantic Forest habitat. The endemic Brazilian Paraná pine (Araucaria angustifolia) is found here. There are numerous outdoor activities for tourists and winter residents. These include hiking, mountain climbing, treetop cable swings (arborismo), horseback riding, and ATV and motorbike riding. July, of winter season vacations, sees an enormous influx of visitors (more than quadrupling the city's population), due in part to the winter festival of classical music.

Its attractions throughout the year include German and Swiss cuisine restaurants, bars, and a cable car. There are many pousadas (inns) and chalets. Also, in order to cater to the large number of visitors, several bars, lounges, discos and clubs open during the winter months.

A former state governor had a winter residence here, the Boa Vista Palace, which is now a museum in the city.[8]

Demography[edit]

  • Total Population: 44,252
    • Urban: 43,809
    • Rural: 443
    • Male: 21,978
    • Females: 22,274
  • Population Density (inhabitants/km²): 152.86
  • Infant Mortality (0 to one year old) (per one thousand): 8.52
  • Life Expectancy (years): 75.73
  • Total Fertility Rate (Children per Woman): 2.18
  • Literacy Rate: 92.28%
  • Human Development Index (IHDI): 0.820
    • IHDI-M Income: 0.763
    • IHDI-M Life Expectancy: 0.846
    • IHDI-M Education: 0.851
Race Percentage
White 83.9%
Multiracial 12.2%
Black 2.3%
Asian 0.5%

(Source: IPEADATA)

Economy[edit]

The city's economy is based mainly on tourism; due to its location at high elevation in the Mantiqueira mountains, and traditional European-style architecture. Buildings are mostly vernacular architecture from German, Swiss, or Italian models. Many of the wealthiest residents in the state of São Paulo have winter country houses here.

Despite the high income of many visitors, the HDI (0.820 in 2004) of Campos do Jordão is not very high because the owners of the houses in the best neighbourhoods are not regular inhabitants; these houses are used only during the holidays. The city can be reached from São Paulo mainly by road through the Rodovia Floriano Rodrigues Pinheiro. There is also a picturesque railroad from Pindamonhangaba, used mostly by tourists. At the end of the main road going through Campos do Jordão, there is a state park called Horto Florestal.

A shopping mall in a Swiss-inspired style, common in Campos do Jordão.
Brazilian Paraná pine (Araucaria angustifolia) and local Atlantic Forest habitat, in Campos do Jordão municipality.

Climate[edit]

Campos do Jordão features a subtropical highland climate under the Köppen climate classification abbreviated Cfb/Cwb. Despite its location within the tropics, due to the high elevation, temperatures here are cooler than one might expect. The resort town features “spring-like” temperatures throughout the year, with mild summers and cool winters. However, by Brazilian standards, the town is downright cold. In summer, maximum temperatures average 24°C/75°F and minimum temperatures average 13°C/55°F. In winter, maximum temperatures average 18°C/64°F and minimum temperatures average 4°C/39°F. Temperatures drop below zero sometimes in winter (lowest ever recorded: -7.3°C/19°F), but snow is very rare. Similar to many other places with this climate, Campos do Jordão sees a noticeable drying trend during its “low-sun” season. The city sees on average 1800 mm of precipitation, most of which falls from September through March.

The city, due to its elevation, is relatively cold for Brazilian standards. The winter is normally the dry season and the colder weather allows for warm fireplaces and winter foods such as fondue, soups and hot chocolate. In spring and summer, one can see Hydrangea macrophylla blossoming all over the town.

Climate data for Campos do Jordão, SP (1961–1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 29.0
(84.2)		 28.6
(83.5)		 29.0
(84.2)		 27.0
(80.6)		 24.5
(76.1)		 23.4
(74.1)		 24.4
(75.9)		 28.2
(82.8)		 30.5
(86.9)		 30.0
(86)		 28.5
(83.3)		 28.0
(82.4)		 30.5
(86.9)
Average high °C (°F) 22.8
(73)		 23.1
(73.6)		 22.7
(72.9)		 21.1
(70)		 19.0
(66.2)		 18.0
(64.4)		 17.9
(64.2)		 19.8
(67.6)		 21.0
(69.8)		 21.2
(70.2)		 21.7
(71.1)		 21.7
(71.1)		 20.8
(69.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 17.3
(63.1)		 17.5
(63.5)		 16.7
(62.1)		 14.7
(58.5)		 11.9
(53.4)		 10.1
(50.2)		 9.5
(49.1)		 11.3
(52.3)		 13.4
(56.1)		 14.9
(58.8)		 15.9
(60.6)		 16.6
(61.9)		 14.2
(57.6)
Average low °C (°F) 12.8
(55)		 12.9
(55.2)		 11.7
(53.1)		 9.2
(48.6)		 5.6
(42.1)		 4.0
(39.2)		 3.0
(37.4)		 4.2
(39.6)		 6.9
(44.4)		 9.5
(49.1)		 10.8
(51.4)		 12.3
(54.1)		 8.6
(47.5)
Record low °C (°F) 5.0
(41)		 4.2
(39.6)		 2.6
(36.7)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 −6.2
(20.8)		 −7.2
(19)		 −6.0
(21.2)		 −5.5
(22.1)		 −2.5
(27.5)		 0.7
(33.3)		 1.4
(34.5)		 1.8
(35.2)		 −7.2
(19)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 306.1
(12.051)		 265.6
(10.457)		 193.5
(7.618)		 98.9
(3.894)		 79.3
(3.122)		 51.4
(2.024)		 42.1
(1.657)		 58.5
(2.303)		 91.6
(3.606)		 159.3
(6.272)		 205.9
(8.106)		 300.1
(11.815)		 1,852.5
(72.933)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 19 17 14 9 7 5 4 4 7 12 14 20 132
Average relative humidity (%) 87 84 83 85 88 84 77 76 76 81 86 87 82.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 135.3 118.2 150.9 167.2 181.8 176.7 203.7 199.2 160.6 147.3 136.4 117.0 1,894.3
Source: INMET[9]

Gallery[edit]

  • City entrance

  • Panoramic view of the district of Capivari

  • Home Green Home Hotel

  • View from Morro do Elefante

  • Photo taken with a tilt-shift lens

  • Vila Capivari district

  • Square

  • Square

  • Tram rail

  • Tram rail

  • Campos do Jordão railroad

  • Cristallo di Pietro Hotel

  • Artisan chocolate shop

  • Villa D'Biagy Inn

  • Palácio Boa Vista, the winter residence of the Governor of São Paulo

  • View from Alto do Capivari

  • Pedra do Baú State Park, near Campos do Jordão

  • Panorama

  • Pedestrian street

  • Shops and restaurants

  • Outdoor restaurants at night

  • The city during the winter season

  • The Aspen Mall in Vila Capivari district

References[edit]

  1. ^ "BR Localidades 2010 v1" [BR Locations 2010 v1] (MDB) (in Portuguese). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Retrieved September 10, 2012. 
  2. ^ Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de São Paulo, Lei Complementar Nº 1.166
  3. ^ Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística
  4. ^ "IBGE disponibiliza coordenadas e altitudes para 21.304 localidades brasileiras" [IBGE provides coordinates and altitudes to 21,304 Brazilian locations] (in Portuguese). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Retrieved September 10, 2012. 
  5. ^ Sobre o Parque (in Portuguese), SAP: Sistema Ambiental Paulista, retrieved 2016-09-27 
  6. ^ Parque Estadual Mananciais de Campos do Jordão (in Portuguese), SAP: Sistema Ambiental Paulista, retrieved 2016-10-01 
  7. ^ Área de Proteção Ambiental Campos do Jordão (in Portuguese), Fundação Florestal SP, retrieved 2016-09-29 
  8. ^ "Palácio Boa Vista" [Boa Vista Palace]. The Artistic-Cultural Collection of the Governmental Palaces of the State of São Paulo. Retrieved September 10, 2012. 
  9. ^ "NORMAIS CLIMATOLÓGICAS DO BRASIL 1961-1990" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 5 September 2014. 

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campos_do_Jordão&oldid=768715991"