Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

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Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
Luchthaven Schiphol
Schiphol logo.svg
Ams-above-2007.jpg
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner Schiphol Group
Operator Schiphol Group
Serves Amsterdam, Netherlands
Location Haarlemmermeer
Hub for
Focus city for
Elevation AMSL −11 ft / −3 m
Coordinates 52°18′29″N 004°45′51″E / 52.30806°N 4.76417°E / 52.30806; 4.76417Coordinates: 52°18′29″N 004°45′51″E / 52.30806°N 4.76417°E / 52.30806; 4.76417
Website schiphol.com
Map
AMS is located in Amsterdam
AMS
AMS
Location within Greater Amsterdam
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
18R/36L 'Polderbaan' 3,800 12,467 Asphalt
06/24 'Kaagbaan' 3,500 11,483 Asphalt
09/27 'Buitenveldertbaan' 3,453 11,329 Asphalt
18L/36R 'Aalsmeerbaan' 3,400 11,155 Asphalt
18C/36C 'Zwanenburgbaan' 3,300 10,827 Asphalt
04/22 'Oostbaan' 2,014 6,608 Asphalt
Statistics (2016)
Passengers Increase63,625,664[4]
Freight (tonnes) Increase1,700,000
Aircraft movements Increase479.000
Economic & social impact $27.3 billion[1]

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (Dutch: Luchthaven Schiphol, Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlʏxtˌɦaːvə(n) ˌsxɪpˈɦɔl]) (IATA: AMS, ICAO: EHAM) is the main international airport of the Netherlands, located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi)[4] southwest of Amsterdam, in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer, province of North Holland. It is the third busiest airport in Europe in terms of passengers. The airport is built as a single-terminal concept: one large terminal split into three large departure halls.

Schiphol is the hub for KLM and its regional affiliate KLM Cityhopper as well as for Corendon Dutch Airlines, Martinair, Transavia and TUI fly Netherlands. The airport also serves as a European hub for Delta Air Lines and Jet Airways and as a base for EasyJet and Vueling.

Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase. The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely. By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles. The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol. The airport was destroyed through bombing but at the end of the war the airfield was restored quickly. In 1949, it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands. The airport's official English name, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, reflects the original Dutch word order (Luchthaven Schiphol).

Description[edit]

Schiphol Airport is an important European airport, ranking as Europe's third busiest and the world's fourteenth busiest by total passenger traffic in 2015 (14th in 2014 and 2013 and 16th in 2012). It also ranks as the world's fifth busiest by international passenger traffic and the world's sixteenth busiest for cargo tonnage. 58.285 million passengers passed through the airport in 2015.[3] Schiphol's main competitors in terms of passenger traffic and cargo throughput are London Heathrow Airport, Frankfurt Airport, Paris–Charles de Gaulle Airport, Istanbul Atatürk Airport and Madrid–Barajas Airport.

In 2010, 65.9% of passengers using the airport flew to and from Europe, 11.7% to and from North America and 8.8% to and from Asia; cargo volume was mainly between Schiphol and Asia (45%) and North America (17%).[5]

In 2010, 106 carriers provided a total of 301 destinations on a regular basis. Passenger destinations were offered by 91 airlines. Direct (non-stop) destinations grew by 9 to a total of 274. Regular destinations serviced exclusively by full freighters (non-passenger) grew by eight to a total of twenty-seven.[6]

The airport is built as one large terminal (a single-terminal concept), split into three large departure halls, which connect again once airside. The most recent of these was completed in 1994 and expanded in 2007 with a new section, called Terminal 4, although it is not considered a separate building. Plans for further terminal expansion exist, including the construction of a separate new terminal between the Zwanenburgbaan and Polderbaan runways that would end the one-terminal concept.

Because of intense traffic and high landing fees, some low-cost carriers decided to move their flights to smaller airports, such as Rotterdam The Hague Airport and Eindhoven Airport. Many low-cost carriers, such as EasyJet, however, continue to operate from Schiphol, using the low-cost H-pier. There have been talks about using the Lelystad Airport for low-cost carriers.[7]

Schiphol is equipped with eighteen double jetway gates in preparation for airlines introducing the Airbus A380. Emirates was the first airline to fly the A380 to Schiphol in August 2012, deploying the aircraft on its double daily Dubai–Amsterdam service.[8] During the summer, China Southern Airlines also uses the A380 on its Beijing–Amsterdam route.

History[edit]

A Ford being used to power a winch for towing gliders at Schiphol in 1933.
The air traffic control tower at Schiphol in 1960
The apron in 1965

Early years[edit]

Schiphol's name is derived from a former fortification named Fort Schiphol, which was part of the Stelling van Amsterdam defence works.[9] Before 1852, the Haarlemmermeer polder in which the airport lies was a large lake with some shallow areas. There are multiple stories of how the place got its name. The most popular story is that in the shallow waters sudden violent storms could claim many ships. This was the main reason for reclaiming it. In English, Schiphol translates to "Ship Grave", a reference to many ships supposedly lost in the lake. When the lake was reclaimed, however, no ship wrecks were found. Another possible origin of the name is the word 'scheepshaal'. A scheepshaal is a ditch or little canal in which ships would be towed from one lake to another. A third explanation would be that the name derived from the words "scip hol". This is a low-lying area of land (hol) from where wood would be obtained to build ships.[10]

Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase, with a few barracks and a field serving as platform and runways. When civil aircraft started to use the field (17 December 1920), it was often called Schiphol-les-bains. The Fokker aircraft manufacturer started a factory near Schiphol airport in 1919.[11] The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely.

By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles, all 1,020 metres (3,350 ft) or less. One was extended to become today's runway 04/22; two others crossed that runway at 52°18′43″N 4°48′00″E / 52.312°N 4.800°E / 52.312; 4.800. The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol. A large amount of anti-aircraft defences were installed in the vicinity of the airport and fake decoy airfields were constructed in the vicinity near Bennebroek, Vijfhuizen and Vogelenzang in an attempt to confuse allied bombers. A railway connection was also constructed. Despite these defences, the airfield was still bombed intensively, and an exceptionally heavy attack on 13 December 1943 caused so much damage that it rendered the airfield unusable as an active base. After that, it served only as an emergency landing field, until the Germans themselves destroyed the remainders of the airfield at the start of Operation Market Garden. At the end of the war, the airfield was restored quickly, with the first aircraft, a Douglas DC-3, landing again on 8 July 1945.[12]

A new terminal building was completed in 1949 and it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands. Expansion came at the cost of a small town called Rijk, which was demolished to make room for the growing airport. The name of this town is remembered in the name of the present Schiphol-Rijk industrial estate. In 1967, Dutch designer Benno Wissing created signage for Schiphol Airport well known for its clear writing and thorough color-coding; to avoid confusion, he prohibited any other signage in the shades of yellow and green used.[13] This was part of the new terminal building that replaced the older facilities once located on what is now the east side of the airport. The A-Pier of the airport was modified in 1970 to allow Boeing 747 aircraft to make use of the boarding gates.

Development since the 1990s[edit]

The construction of a new Air Traffic Control tower was completed in 1991 as the existing tower could no longer oversee all of the airport. New wayfinding signage was designed that year as well by Paul Mijksenaar.[14] A sixth runway was completed at quite some distance west of the rest of airport in 2003 and was nicknamed the Polderbaan, with the connecting taxiway crossing the A5 motorway. The distance of this runway means that taxi times to and from this runway can take between 10 and 20 minutes. It also required the construction of an additional Air Traffic Control tower as the primary tower is too far away to oversee this part of the airfield.[15]

On 25 February 2005, a diamond robbery occurred at Schiphol's cargo terminal. The robbers used a stolen KLM van to gain airside access. The estimated value of the stones was around 75 million euros, making it one of the largest diamond robberies ever.[16] Later that year, a fire broke out at the airport's detention centre, killing 11 people and injuring 15. The complex was holding 350 people at the time of the incident. Results from the investigation almost one year later showed that fire safety precautions were not in force. A national outrage resulted in the resignation of Justice Minister Donner (CDA) and Mayor Hartog of Haarlemmermeer. Spatial Planning Minister Dekker (VVD) resigned as well, because she bore responsibility for the construction, safety, and maintenance of state-owned buildings.

Infrastructure[edit]

Air Traffic Control Towers at Schiphol
KLM Cargo Boeing 747-400ERF on the Taxiway Bridge crossing the Highway A4 E19
Check-in hall interior

Terminal[edit]

Schiphol uses a one-terminal concept, where all facilities are located under a single roof, radiating from the central plaza. The terminal, though, is divided into three sections or halls designated 1, 2 and 3. All of these halls, piers or concourses are connected. However, it is possible, on both sides of security or border inspection, to walk from between piers, even those connected to different halls. The exception to this is the low-cost pier M: once airside (past security), passengers cannot access any other areas. Border control separates Schengen from non-Schengen areas. Schiphol Airport has approximately 165 boarding gates.

Schiphol has large shopping areas as a source of revenue and as an additional attraction for passengers. Schiphol Plaza is the shopping centre before customs, hence it is used by air travelers and non-traveling visitors.

Departure Hall 1[edit]

Departure Hall 1 consists of Piers B and C, both of which are dedicated Schengen areas and shares D-pier with Departure hall 2. Pier B has 14 gates and Pier C has 21 gates.

Departure Hall 2[edit]

Departure Hall 2 consists of Piers D and E.

Pier D is the largest pier and has two levels. The lower floor houses non-Schengen flights and the upper floor is used for Schengen flights. By using stairs, the same jetways are used to access the aircraft. Schengen gates are numbered beginning with D-59; non-Schengen gates are numbered from D-1 to D-57.

Pier E is a dedicated non-Schengen area and has 14 gates. It is typically home to SkyTeam hub airlines Delta Air Lines and KLM, along with other members, such as China Airlines and China Southern Airlines. Other Middle Eastern and Asian airlines such as EVA Air, Etihad Airways, Iran Air and Air Astana also typically operate out of Pier E.

Departure Hall 3[edit]

Departure Hall 3 consists of piers F, G, H and M. Pier F has 8 gates and is typically dominated by SkyTeam members such as primary airline KLM, Kenya Airways, China Airlines and China Southern Airlines, and other members. Pier G has 13 gates and is, except for pier E, the only terminal that handles daily Airbus A380 service, by Emirates and China Southern Airlines. Piers H and M have 7 gates each and are home to low-cost airlines. Piers F, G and H are non-Schengen areas. Pier M is a dedicated Schengen area.

General aviation terminal[edit]

A new general aviation terminal was opened in 2011 on the east side of the airport, operated as the KLM Jet Center. The new terminal building has a floorspace of 6,000 m2 (65,000 sq ft); 1,000 m2 (11,000 sq ft) for the actual terminal and lounges, 4,000 m2 (43,000 sq ft) for office space and 1,000 m2 (11,000 sq ft) for parking.[17]

Other facilities[edit]

The Rijksmuseum operates an annex at the airport, offering a small overview of both classical and contemporary art.[18] Admission to the exhibits is free. The airport museum is closed until the end of 2016, due to refurbishment.

In summer 2010, Schiphol Airport Library opened alongside the museum, providing passengers access to a collection of 1,200 books (translated into 29 languages) by Dutch authors on subjects relating to the country's history and culture. The 89.9 m2 (968 sq ft) library offers e-books and music by Dutch artists and composers that can be downloaded free of charge to a laptop or mobile device.[19] The Schiphol Airport Library closed in September 2014 for refurbishment until the end of 2016.

For aviation enthusiasts, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol has a large rooftop viewing area, called the Panoramaterras. It is not accessible to connecting passengers unless they first exit the airport. Enthusiasts and the public can enter, free of charge, from the airport's landside. Since June 2011, it is the location for a KLM Cityhopper Fokker 100, modified to be a viewing exhibit.[20] Besides the Panoramaterras, Schiphol has other spotting sites, especially along the newest Polderbaan runway and at the McDonald's restaurant at the north side of the airport.

Schiphol has its own mortuary, where the dead can be handled and kept before departure or after arrival. Since October 2006, people can also hold a wedding ceremony at Schiphol.[21]

Schiphol also has a new state-of-the-art cube-shaped Hilton hotel with 433 rooms, rounded corners and diamond-shaped windows. The spacious atrium has a 41-metre-high (135 ft) ceiling made of glass and is in the heart of the building. A covered walkway connect the hotels directly to the terminal. The hotel was completed in 2015.[22]

Future expansions[edit]

In 2012, Schiphol Group announced an expansion of Schiphol, featuring a new pier,[23] an expansion of the terminal, and a new parking garage.[24] Pier A will be part of Departure Hall 1, which already has Pier B (14 gates) and Pier C (21 gates). The new Pier A will have 11 gates for flexible use. It can handle either 3 wide-body aircraft and 5 narrow-body aircraft, or 11 narrow-body aircraft.[25] The first activities are expected to start in 2017 and to be completed in 2019. The expansions will cost about 500 million euros.

The new Pier A will be built next to Pier B, in an area now used as a freight platform for planes. Pier A will mainly be used for flights within Europe. To handle the extra passengers that come with this new pier, Schiphol will eventually expand the terminal and build new facilities for check-ins and arrivals. From the new building, direct access will be made to the platforms of the underground railway station. When the new terminal is finished in 2023, Schiphol will be able to handle over 70 million passengers.[26] Due to rapid growth of Schengen-passengers during 2016, Schiphol was forced to rapidly build a temporary departure hall due to be opened in March 2017.[27]

Tower[edit]

The Schiphol air traffic control tower, with a height of 101 m (331 ft), was the tallest in the world when constructed in 1991. Schiphol is geographically one of the world's lowest major commercial airports. The entire airport is below sea level; the lowest point sits at 3.4 m (11 ft) below sea level (or 1.4 m (4.5 ft) below the Dutch Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP)); the runways are around 3 m (9.8 ft) below NAP.[28][29]

Runways[edit]

Map showing the six runways of Schiphol

Schiphol has six runways, one of which is used mainly by general aviation.[4] Due to vicinity of residential areas, all runways are used almost exclusively in one direction.

Number Runway direction/code Length
(in metres and feet)		 Runway common name Source of the name Surface Notes
1 18R/36L 3,800 m
12,467 ft		 Polderbaan Decided via contest. 'Polder' is the Dutch word for land reclaimed from a body of water. Schiphol Airport is situated in a polder. Asphalt Newest runway, opened 2003. Own control tower.
Located to reduce the noise impact on the surrounding population. Takeoffs only northbound and landings only southbound. The nearest end is located 5 km (3.1 mi) from the terminal building, and aircraft have a lengthy 15-minute taxi to and from the Terminal.
2 06/24 3,500 m
11,483 ft		 Kaagbaan Named after the Kagerplassen, a cluster of lakes which lies beyond the end of the runway Asphalt The Kaagbaan offered a location for spotters until the spotting location was closed in January 2008.[30]
3 09/27 3,453 m
11,329 ft		 Buitenveldertbaan Named after Buitenveldert, a part of Amsterdam Asphalt El Al Flight 1862 was trying to make an emergency landing on this runway when it crashed into a block of flats in the Bijlmermeer.[31]
4 18L/36R 3,400 m
11,155 ft		 Aalsmeerbaan Named after Aalsmeer Asphalt
5 18C/36C 3,300 m
10,826 ft		 Zwanenburgbaan Named after the village Zwanenburg Asphalt El Al Flight 1862 took off from this runway before crashing into flats in the Bijlmermeer when the plane was trying to return to the airport.[31]
6 04/22 2,014 m
6,608 ft		 Oostbaan Most Eastern (Oost) of all runways Asphalt Primarily used for general aviation traffic.[4] In October 2010 a B-737 of Corendon Airlines overshot the short runway and ended up with its nosegear in the mud.[32]

Airlines and destinations[edit]

Passenger[edit]

Note: The concourses listed are not definite since very few airlines have dedicated piers or gates; the piers listed below are based on typical operations.

Airlines Destinations Concourse
Adria Airways Ljubljana, Łódź B
Aegean Airlines Athens
Seasonal: Heraklion, Rhodes		 B
Aer Lingus Cork, Dublin D
Aeroflot Moscow–Sheremetyevo D, G
Aeroméxico Mexico City E, F
Air Arabia Maroc Casablanca, Nador, Tangier D, G
Air Astana Atyrau D
Air Cairo Charter: Luxor G
Air Canada Toronto–Pearson E, G
Air Europa Madrid C
Air France Marseille, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Strasbourg C
Air France
operated by HOP!		 Clermont–Ferrand, Nantes, Lille, Rennes, Strasbourg C
Air Malta Malta B
Air Mauritius Mauritius (begins 26 March 2018)[33] TBA
Air Serbia Belgrade D
Air Transat Seasonal: Calgary, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver E, G
airBaltic Riga, Tallinn, Vilnius B
Alitalia Milan–Linate, Rome–Fiumicino C
American Airlines Philadelphia
Seasonal: Dallas/Fort Worth (begins 6 May 2017)[34]		 D
Arkia Seasonal: Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion G
AtlasGlobal Istanbul–Atatürk G
Austrian Airlines Vienna B
Belavia Minsk D
British Airways London–Gatwick, London–Heathrow D
British Airways
operated by BA CityFlyer		 London–City D
Bulgaria Air Sofia
Charter: Burgas		 D
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong G
China Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan F
China Eastern Airlines Shanghai–Pudong F
China Southern Airlines Beijing–Capital, Guangzhou E, F
CityJet London–City
Seasonal charter: Pula (begins 8 July 2017)[35]		 D
Corendon Airlines Antalya D
Corendon Dutch Airlines Bodrum, Gran Canaria, Hurghada
Seasonal: Alicante (begins 15 April 2017), Aqaba, Banjul, Burgas, Eilat–Ovda, Fuerteventura, Girona, Heraklion, Lanzarote, Málaga, Marrakesh, Ohrid, Palma de Mallorca, Plovdiv		 D, G
Croatia Airlines Zagreb
Seasonal: Dubrovnik, Pula		 D
Czech Airlines Prague B, C
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK, Newark, Portland (OR), Salt Lake City, Seattle/Tacoma D, E, G
easyJet Alicante (begins 13 May 2017), Belfast–International, Berlin–Schönefeld, Bordeaux, Bristol, Budapest, Catania, Edinburgh, Geneva, Glasgow, Lisbon, Liverpool, London–Gatwick, London–Luton, London–Southend, London–Stansted, Lyon, Málaga, Manchester, Marseille, Milan–Linate, Milan–Malpensa, Naples, Nice, Olbia, Palma de Mallorca, Prague, Rome–Fiumicino, Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion, Toulouse, Venice, Vienna, Zürich
Seasonal: Corfu, Dubrovnik, Grenoble, Ibiza, Lanzarote, Palermo, Rhodes, Salzburg, Split, Tenerife–South		 H, M
easyJet Switzerland Basel/Mulhouse, Geneva M
EgyptAir Cairo G
El Al Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion G
Emirates Dubai–International G
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi E
Eurowings
operated by Air Berlin		 Munich (begins 31 March 2017)[36] B
Eurowings
operated by Germanwings		 Hamburg, Stuttgart B
EVA Air Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Taipei–Taoyuan E, G
Finnair Helsinki B, C
Flybe Birmingham, Doncaster/Sheffield, Edinburgh, Exeter, London–City, Manchester, Nottingham/East Midlands, Southampton D, H
Garuda Indonesia Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta G
Georgian Airways Tbilisi D
Iberia Express Madrid B
Icelandair Reykjavík–Keflavík C, D
Iran Air Tehran–Imam Khomeini E
Israir Airlines Seasonal: Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion G
Jet Airways Delhi, Mumbai, Toronto–Pearson G
Jet2.com Leeds/Bradford H
Kenya Airways Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta F
KLM Aberdeen, Alicante, Athens, Barcelona, Bergen, Berlin–Tegel, Bilbao, Billund, Birmingham, Bordeaux, Brussels, Bucharest, Budapest, Cagliari (begins 22 April 2017),[37] Catania (begins 22 April 2017),[37] Copenhagen, Edinburgh, Geneva, Glasgow, Gothenburg–Landvetter, Hamburg, Helsinki, Istanbul–Atatürk, Kiev–Boryspil, Lisbon, London–Heathrow, Lyon, Madrid, Málaga (resumes 1 April 2017),[37] Manchester, Milan–Linate, Milan–Malpensa (resumes 26 March 2017),[38] Montpellier, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Munich, Newcastle upon Tyne, Nice, Nuremberg, Oslo-Gardermoen, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Porto (resumes 15 May 2017),[37] Prague, Rome–Fiumicino, Saint Petersburg, Stavanger, Stockholm–Arlanda, Stuttgart, Toulouse, Valencia, Venice, Vienna, Warsaw–Chopin, Zagreb, Zürich
Seasonal: Ibiza, Split (begins 9 July 2017)[37]		 B, C, D
KLM Abu Dhabi, Accra, Almaty, Aruba, Astana, Atlanta, Bahrain, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Bogotá, Bonaire, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Calgary, Cali (ends 25 March 2017), Cape Town, Cartagena (begins 28 March 2017),[39] Chengdu, Chicago–O'Hare, Curaçao, Dammam, Dar es Salaam, Delhi, Denpasar/Bali, Doha (ends 25 March 2017),[40] Dubai–International, Edmonton, Entebbe, Freetown (resumes 26 March 2017), Guayaquil, Hangzhou, Havana, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo, Kigali, Kilimanjaro, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuwait, Lagos, Lima, Los Angeles, Luanda, Manila, Mauritius (begins 30 October 2017),[41] Mexico City, Monrovia (resumes 26 March 2017), Montréal–Trudeau, Muscat, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Panama City, Paramaribo, Quito, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, San Francisco, Santiago de Chile, São Paulo–Guarulhos, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore, Sint Maarten, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tehran–Imam Khomeini, Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver, Washington–Dulles, Windhoek-Hosea Kutako, Xiamen
Seasonal: Colombo, Miami, Minneapolis/St. Paul (resumes 27 March 2017),[42] Salt Lake City		 D, E, F
KLM
operated by KLM Cityhopper		 Aalborg, Aberdeen, Ålesund, Basel/Mulhouse, Belfast–City, Berlin–Tegel, Bilbao, Billund, Bologna, Bordeaux, Bremen, Bristol, Brussels, Cagliari (begins 9 July 2017),[37] Cardiff, Copenhagen, Dresden, Dublin, Durham Tees Valley, Düsseldorf, Edinburgh, Florence, Frankfurt, Gdańsk (begins 15 May 2017),[37] Geneva, Genoa, Gothenburg–Landvetter, Graz (begins 15 May 2017),[37] Hamburg, Hanover, Humberside, Inverness, Kraków, Kristiansand, Leeds/Bradford, Linköping, London–City, London–Heathrow, Luxembourg, Lyon, Manchester, Montpellier, Munich, Nice, Norwich, Nuremberg, Prague, Sandefjord, Southampton, Split (begins 22 April 2017),[37] Stuttgart, Toulouse, Trondheim, Turin, Venice, Vienna, Warsaw–Chopin, Zagreb, Zürich B, C, D
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon F
LOT Polish Airlines Warsaw–Chopin B
Lufthansa Frankfurt B
Lufthansa Regional
operated by Lufthansa CityLine		 Frankfurt, Munich B
Nordica
operated by LOT Polish Airlines		 Tallinn B
Norwegian Air Shuttle Copenhagen, Helsinki (begins 20 April 2017),[43] Oslo-Gardermoen, Stockholm–Arlanda D, M
Onur Air Istanbul–Atatürk
Seasonal: Kayseri (begins 6 July 2017)[44]		 G
Pegasus Airlines Antalya, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Seasonal: Bodrum (begins 24 April 2017),[45] Izmir, Kayseri, Konya		 D, G
Qatar Airways Doha D, G
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca, Nador, Tangier
Seasonal: Al Hoceima, Oujda		 D, G
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia D, G
Ryanair Dublin, Málaga (begins 26 March 2017)[46] H, M
Scandinavian Airlines Copenhagen, Oslo-Gardermoen, Stockholm–Arlanda C
Singapore Airlines Singapore G
SkyWork Airlines Bern B
Sun D'Or
operated by El Al		 Seasonal: Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion G
SunExpress İzmir
Seasonal: Antalya, Kayseri, Konya		 G
SunExpress Deutschland Seasonal: Al Hoceima
Seasonal charter: Nador		 D, G
Surinam Airways Paramaribo G
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich B
TACV Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Praia, São Vicente D, G
TAP Portugal Lisbon B
TAP Portugal
operated by TAP Express		 Porto B
TAROM Bucharest D
Thomas Cook Airlines Seasonal charter: Gran Canaria, Palma de Mallorca, Tenerife–South TBA
Transavia Agadir, Alicante, Almería (begins 22 April 2017),[47] Athens, Barcelona, Bari, Bergerac, Belgrade (begins 4 April 2017),[48] Casablanca, Catania, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Gran Canaria, Helsinki (begins 3 April 2017),[48] Ibiza, Innsbruck, Katowice (begins 9 May 2017),[49] La Palma, Lanzarote, Larnaca, Ljubljana (begins 4 April 2017),[48] Lisbon, Málaga, Marrakech, Munich, Naples, Nice, Palma de Mallorca, Paris–Orly, Pisa, Porto, Reus (begins 15 April 2017),[48] Seville, Sofia (begins 10 May 2017),[48] Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion, Tenerife–South, Thessaloniki, Tirana (begins 10 May 2017),[47] Turin, Valencia, Venice (ends 3 April 2017), Wrocław (begins 9 May 2017),[48] Zürich
Seasonal: Ajaccio, Antalya, Bodrum, Chambéry, Chania, Chios, Comiso (begins 22 April 2017),[50] Corfu, Dalaman, Dubai–International, Dubrovnik, Girona, Heraklion, İzmir, Kalamata, Kefalonia, Kos, Malta, Menorca, Mykonos, Olbia, Palermo, Paphos, Preveza, Rhodes, Sal, Salzburg, Samos, Santorini, Verona, Volos, Zakynthos		 B, C, D, E
Transavia France Paris–Orly B, C
TUI fly Belgium Nador, Tangier C, D, E, G
TUI fly Netherlands Charter: Alicante, Antalya, Aruba, Banjul, Boa Vista, Bodrum, Bonaire, Burgas, Cancún, Curaçao, Dalaman, Dubai–International, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Gran Canaria, Heraklion, Holguín, Hurghada, La Palma, Lanzarote, Málaga, Minorca, Miami, Montego Bay, Orlando–Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Paramaribo (begins 3 July 2017),[51] Preveza, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Rhodes, Sal, Sharm el-Sheikh, Sint Maarten, Tenerife–South, Varadero, Zanzibar
Seasonal charter: Catania (begins 21 April 2017), Corfu, Dakar, Girona, Ibiza, Ivalo, İzmir, Karpathos, Kefalonia, Kittilä, Kos, Marsa Alam, Mauritius, Ohrid, Pico, Ponta Delgada, Porto Santo (begins 13 May 2017),[52] Pula, Samos, Sitia, Terceira, Tivat, Toronto–Pearson, Varna (begins 25 May 2017),[52] Zakynthos		 B, D, E, G
TUI fly Netherlands
operated by TUI fly Belgium		 Charter: Brussels, Miami, Orlando/Sanford C, D, E, G
Tunisair Tunis D, G
Turkish Airlines Ankara, Istanbul–Atatürk, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen G
Ukraine International Airlines Kiev–Boryspil D, E
United Airlines Chicago–O'Hare, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, Washington–Dulles D, G
Vueling Alicante, Barcelona, Bilbao, Florence (begins 26 March 2017),[53] Fuerteventura (begins 8 April 2017),[53] Lisbon, London–Luton, Málaga, Manchester (begins 26 March 2017),[54] Milan–Malpensa, Porto, Rome–Fiumicino, Santiago de Compostela
Seasonal: Gran Canaria, Ibiza, Naples, Palma de Mallorca, Seville, Valencia		 B, D
WOW air Reykjavík–Keflavík M
XiamenAir Xiamen F

^1 Some of Garuda Indonesia's flights from Jakarta to Amsterdam stop in Kuala Lumpur, but all flights from Amsterdam to Jakarta are nonstop.

Cargo[edit]

Airlines Destinations
Air China Cargo Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin
AirBridgeCargo Airlines Anchorage, Chengdu, Chicago–O'Hare, Khabarovsk, Los Angeles, Moscow–Domodedovo, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Novosibirsk, Shanghai–Pudong, Zhengzhou
Cargolux Luxembourg
Cathay Pacific Cargo Chennai, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Frankfurt, Hong Kong
Centurion Air Cargo Caracas, Houston–Intercontinental, Miami
China Airlines Cargo Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Prague, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines Shanghai–Pudong, Ningbo, Zhengzhou, Xi'an, Zaragoza
China Southern Airlines Cargo Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shanghai–Pudong, Vienna
Coyne Airways Tbilisi
DHL Aviation East Midlands, London–Heathrow
Emirates SkyCargo Columbus-Rickenbacker, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Houston–Intercontinental
Etihad Cargo
operated by Atlas Air		 Abu Dhabi, Barbados, Bogotá, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, San Juan
FedEx Express Oslo, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Iran Air Cargo Tehran Imam-Khomeini
Kalitta Air Bahrain
Korean Air Cargo Seoul–Incheon
LANCO Bogotá, Miami
LATAM Cargo Chile Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Cabo Frio, Campinas–Viracopos, Curitiba, Santiago de Chile
Lufthansa Cargo Aguadilla, Bogotá, Frankfurt
Martinair Aguadilla, Bogotá, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Campinas–Viracopos, Caracas, Cairo, Dar es Salaam, Entebbe, Guatemala City, Harare, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Kigali, Lima, London–Stansted, Lusaka, Miami, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Quito, Santiago de Chile
MASkargo Baku, Kuala Lumpur–International, Singapore
MNG Airlines Istanbul–Atatürk, Munich, Tripoli–Mitiga
Nippon Cargo Airlines Tokyo–Narita
Qatar Airways Cargo Chicago–O'Hare, Doha
Saudia Cargo Dammam, Jeddah, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta
Silk Way Airlines Baku
Singapore Airlines Cargo Bangalore, Chennai, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, London–Heathrow, Mumbai, Sharjah, Singapore
Thai Airways Cargo Bangkok–Suvarbhumi, Chennai
Turkish Airlines Cargo Istanbul–Atatürk, London–Stansted
Uzbekistan Airways Navoi
Yangtze River Express Munich, Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin, Zhengzhou

Other users[edit]

Other regular users of Schiphol are the Dutch Coast Guard whose aircraft are operated by the Royal Netherlands Air Force, the Dienst Luchtvaart Politie and the Dutch Dakota Association.

Statistics[edit]

TUI fly Netherlands Boeing 737-800 in Amsterdam
easyJet Airbus A319 in Amsterdam
Transavia Boeing 737-800 in Amsterdam
KLM Boeing 777-200ER in Amsterdam
Cathay Pacific Airbus A340 in Amsterdam
Kenya Airways Boeing 777-200ER in Amsterdam
Busiest European Routes from Amsterdam Airport (2016)
Rank Airport Passengers 2016 Change %
1  UK, London (Heathrow), United Kingdom 1,617,293 Increase1.8
2  Spain, Barcelona, Spain 1,305,467 Increase8.6
3  France, Paris (Charles de Gaulle), France 1,185,238 Increase3.0
4  Italy, Rome (Fiumicino), Italy 1,099,072 Decrease3.6
5  UK, London (Gatwick), United Kingdom 1,070,745 Increase2.8
6  UK, Manchester, United Kingdom 1,021,208 Increase19.0
7  Spain, Madrid, Spain 992,114 Increase7.2
8  Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark 974,999 Increase6.8
9  Ireland, Dublin, Ireland 936,793 Increase54.0
10  Germany, Frankfurt, Germany 817,512 Increase2.3
11   Switzerland, Zürich, Switzerland 800,461 Increase5.2
12  Germany, Munich, Germany 795,350 Increase0.7
13  Turkey, Istanbul (Atatürk), Turkey 790,021 Increase1.6
14  Sweden, Stockholm (Arlanda), Sweden 780,773 Increase6.2
15  Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal 773,801 Increase15.6
16  Austria, Vienna, Austria 712,648 Increase24.2
17  Norway, Oslo (Gardermoen), Norway 686,813 Increase7.1
18   Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland 666,960 Increase2.7
19  Italy, Milan (Linate), Italy 651,365 Increase4.2
20  UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 649,871 Increase4.9
Source: http://trafficreview2016.schipholmagazines.nl/assets/traffic-review-2016.pdf
Busiest Intercontinental Routes from Amsterdam Airport (2016)
Rank Airport Passengers 2016 Change %
1  UAE, Dubai, United Arab Emirates 832,772 Increase7.5
2  USA, Atlanta, United States 777,335 Decrease0.0
3  USA, New York (JFK), United States 677,992 Increase2.4
4  Canada, Toronto, Canada 568,326 Increase35.8
5  USA, Detroit, United States 538,408 Decrease10.0
6  Israel, Tel Aviv, Israel 511,374 Increase30.8
7  Curacao, Curaçao, Curaçao 470,012 Increase2.3
8  USA, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, United States 451,875 Decrease4.2
9  Thailand, Bangkok (Suvarnabhumi), Thailand 439,839 Decrease1.7
10  Hong_Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong 418,975 Increase2.4
11  UAE, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 410,624 Increase9.5
12  China, Shanghai (Pudong), China 381,008 Increase29.3
13  China, Beijing (Capital), China 359,189 Decrease5.4
14  India, Delhi, India 331,098 Increase57.2
15  USA, Houston, United States 309,470 Decrease0.6
16  Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 307,336 Decrease2.5
17  USA, Los Angeles, United States 296,786 Increase5.3
18  Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya 295,314 Decrease4.4
19  Qatar, Doha, Qatar 284,516 Increase98.7
20  Peru, Lima, Peru 280,672 Increase9.6
Source: http://trafficreview2016.schipholmagazines.nl/assets/traffic-review-2016.pdf
Countries with most air traffic movements from Amsterdam Airport (2016)
Rank Country movements 2016 Change %
1  UK 94,971 Increase8.9
2  Germany 44,169 Decrease1.8
3  Spain 35,063 Increase20.2
4  France 31,187 Increase10.5
5  Italy 30,184 Increase9.3
6  USA 23,316 Increase3.0
7  Norway 18,637 Decrease2.1
8   Switzerland 17,612 Increase2.6
9  Turkey 14,241 Decrease10.6
10  Denmark 13,739 Increase3.3
Source: http://trafficreview2016.schipholmagazines.nl/assets/traffic-review-2016.pdf
Countries with passenger movements from/to Amsterdam Airport (2016)
Rank Country Passengers 2016 Change %
1  UK 9,699,366 Increase8.2
2  USA 5,045,612 Increase1.1
3  Spain 5,489,946 Increase23.4
4  Germany 4,086,127 Increase3.9
5  Italy 3,939,021 Increase11.6
6  France 3,389,423 Increase17.1
7  Turkey 2,063,863 Decrease12.9
8   Switzerland 1,892,781 Increase5.4
9  Norway 1,772,345 Increase2.0
10  China 1,562,215 Increase6.5
Source: http://trafficreview2016.schipholmagazines.nl/assets/traffic-review-2016.pdf

Other facilities[edit]

Schiphol Group offices
The Convair Building, which houses KLM Cityhopper and KLM offices, and the original Schiphol control tower

The TransPort Building on the Schiphol Airport property houses the head offices of Martinair and Transavia.[55] Construction of the building, which has 10,800 m2 (116,000 sq ft) of rentable space, began on 17 March 2009. Schiphol Group and the architect firm Paul de Ruiter designed the building, while De Vries and Verburg, a firm of Stolwijk, constructed the building.[56]

The World Trade Center Schiphol Airport houses the head office of SkyTeam,[57][58] the Netherlands office of China Southern Airlines,[59] and the Netherlands offices of Iran Air.[60] The head office of Schiphol Group, the airport's operator, is located on the airport property.[61] The Convair Building, with its development beginning after a parcel was earmarked for its development in 1999, houses KLM offices,[62] including KLM Recruitment Services and the head office of KLM Cityhopper.[63][64] The original control tower of Schiphol Airport, which the airport authorities had moved slightly from its original location, now houses a restaurant.[62] The area Schiphol-Rijk includes the head offices of TUI fly Netherlands and Amsterdam Airlines.[65][66]

At one time KLM had its head office briefly on the grounds of Schiphol Airport.[67] Its current head office in nearby Amstelveen had a scheduled completion at the end of 1970.[68] Previously Martinair had its head office in the Schiphol Center (Dutch: Schiphol Centrum) at Schiphol Airport.[69][70] Formerly, the head office of Transavia was in the Building Triport III at Schiphol Airport.[71][72][73] NLM Cityhopper and later KLM Cityhopper previously had their head offices in Schiphol Airport building 70.[74][74]

Nippon Cargo Airlines has its Europe regional headquarters at Schiphol.[75] The National Aerospace Museum Aviodome–Schiphol was previously located at Schiphol.[76] In 2003 the museum moved to Lelystad Airport and was renamed the "Aviodrome."[77]

Ground transport[edit]

Rail[edit]

The construction of the tunnel and railway station in 1992
Main article: Schiphol Airport railway station

The Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), the national Dutch train operator, has a major passenger railway station directly underneath the passenger terminal complex that offers transportation into Amsterdam, Utrecht, The Hague, Rotterdam and many other cities.[78] There are intercity connections to Lelystad, Amsterdam Centraal, Utrecht Centraal, both The Hague Centraal and The Hague HS, Rotterdam Centraal, Eindhoven, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leeuwarden, Groningen, Enschede, Arnhem, Nijmegen and Heerlen. Schiphol is also a stop for the Thalys international high-speed train, connecting the airport directly to Antwerp, Brussels, Lille and Paris Gare du Nord, as well as to Bourg St Maurice (winter) and Marseille (summer).

Bus[edit]

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is also easily accessible by bus, as many services call or terminate at the bus station located outside in front of the terminal building.[79]

Destination Service(s) Remarks
Aalsmeer 198
Alphen aan den Rijn 370
Amstelveen 186, 187, 199, 300, night bus N30
Amsterdam, Leidseplein/Innercity 197, night bus N97 Airport Express Bus Leidseplein is the closest destination to Amsterdam's city centre
that is served by bus from Schiphol.
Amsterdam, Osdorp 69, 194
Amsterdam, Slotervaart 69
Amsterdam, Amsterdam–Zuid and Buitenveldert 310
Haarlem 300, night bus N30
Hoofddorp 300, 310, night bus N30
Keukenhof Gardens 858 (seasonal)
Lisse 361
Leimuiden 370
Ouderkerk aan de Amstel 300, night bus N30
Noordwijk 361
Sassenheim 361
Vijfhuizen 300, night bus N30
Zoetermeer 365

The Taiwanese EVA Air provides private bus services from Schiphol to Belgium for its Belgium-based customers. The service, which departs from and arrives at bus stop C11, goes to Sint-Gillis, Brussels (near the Brussels-South (Midi) railway station) and Berchem, Antwerp (near Antwerp-Berchem bus station). The service is co-operated with Reizen Lauwers NV.[80]

Car[edit]

Schiphol Airport can easily be reached by car via the A4 and A9 motorways.

Incidents and accidents[edit]

The crash site of El Al Flight 1862 in 1992
The crash site of Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 on 25 February 2009
  • On 14 November 1946, a Douglas C-47 operated by KLM from London approached Schiphol during bad weather conditions. The first two attempts to land failed. During the third attempt, the pilot realized that the airplane was not lined up properly with the runway. The aircraft made a sharp left turn at low speed, causing the left wing to hit the ground. The airplane crashed and caught fire, killing all 26 people on board.
  • On 4 October 1992, El Al Flight 1862, a Boeing 747-200F cargo jet en route to Tel Aviv, lost both right-wing engines (#3 and #4) just after taking off from Schiphol and crashed into an apartment building in the Bijlmer neighbourhood of Amsterdam while attempting to return to the airport. A total of 43 people were killed, including the plane's crew of three and a non-revenue passenger. In addition to these fatalities, 11 persons were seriously injured and 15 persons received minor injuries.
  • On 4 April 1994, Flight KL433 to Cardiff, a Saab 340 operated by KLM Cityhopper, returned to Schiphol after setting the number two engine to flight idle because the crew mistakenly believed that the engine suffered from low oil pressure because of a faulty warning light. On final approach at a height of 90 ft (27 m), the captain decided to go-around and gave full throttle on only the number one engine leaving the other in flight idle. The airplane rolled to the right, pitched up, stalled and hit the ground at 80 degrees bank. Of the twenty-four people on board, three were killed including the captain. Nine others were seriously injured.
  • On 25 February 2009, Turkish Airlines Flight 1951, a Boeing 737-800 from Istanbul crashed on approach, just 1 km (0.6 mi) short of the airport's Polderbaan runway. The plane carried 128 passengers and 7 crew on board. 9 people were killed and a further 86 were injured, including six with serious injuries. Four of the dead were employees of Boeing, involved in an advanced radar deal with Turkey. An initial report from the Dutch Safety Board revealed that the left radio altimeter had failed to provide the correct height above the ground and suddenly reported −8 ft (−2.4 m). As a result of this the autothrottle system closed the thrust levers to idle, as it is programmed to reduce thrust when below 27 ft (8.2 m) radio altitude. This eventually resulted in a dropping airspeed that was not acted upon until it was too late to recover, and the aircraft stalled and crashed in a field.
  • On 23 February 2017: Flybe Flight 1284 using a Bombardier Q400 (registered G-JECP) from Edinburgh to Amsterdam made a landing at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in windy conditions resulting in a right main gear collapse. No injuries have been reported and the aircraft sustained substantial damage.[81]

Canon of Amsterdam[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ "Amsterdam airport – Economic and social impact". Ecquants. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013. 
  2. ^ "CBS StatLine – Luchtvaart; maandcijfers Nederlandse luchthavens van nationaal belang". Retrieved 26 December 2014. 
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  4. ^ a b c d EHAM – Amsterdam / Schiphol. AIP from AIS the Netherlands, effective 2 March 2017
  5. ^ "Annual Report Schiphol Group 2010". Schipholgroup. 2010. [permanent dead link]
  6. ^ "Annual Report Schiphol Group 2009". Schipholgroup. 2010. 
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  11. ^ Williamson, Mitch (23 November 2007). "War and Game: Fokker Aircraft Company 1910–45". Warandgame.info. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012. 
  12. ^ Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire historie – Vliegvelden in Oorlogstijd (2009)
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  54. ^ http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/270774/vueling-adds-amsterdam-manchester-service-in-s17/
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  80. ^ "Between Belgium and Amsterdam Airport." EVA Air. Retrieved on February 29, 2016.
  81. ^ "Accident: Flybe DH8D at Amsterdam on Feb 23rd 2017, right main gear collapse on landing". avherald.com. Retrieved 23 february 2017.  Check date values in: |access-date= (help)

Bibliography[edit]

  • Heuvel, Coen van den. Schiphol, een Wereldluchthaven in Beeld, Holkema & Warendorf, 1992, 978-9-0269-6271-4

External links[edit]

Media related to Amsterdam Airport Schiphol at Wikimedia Commons
Schiphol Airport travel guide from Wikivoyage

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