Danvers State Hospital

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Danvers State Hospital
Danvers State Hospital, Danvers, Massachusetts, Kirkbride Complex, circa 1893.jpg
Danvers State Hospital, c. 1893
Danvers State Hospital is located in Massachusetts
Danvers State Hospital
Location Danvers, Massachusetts, United States
Coordinates 42°34′52″N 70°58′28″W / 42.581234°N 70.974394°W / 42.581234; -70.974394
Built 1874
Architect Nathaniel Jeremiah Bradlee
Architectural style Gothic
NRHP Reference # 84002436
Added to NRHP January 26, 1984

The Danvers State Hospital, also known as the State Lunatic Hospital at Danvers, The Danvers Lunatic Asylum, and The Danvers State Insane Asylum, was a psychiatric hospital located in Danvers, Massachusetts. It was built in 1874, and opened in 1878, under the supervision of prominent Boston architect Nathaniel Jeremiah Bradlee, on an isolated site in rural Massachusetts. It was a multi-acre, self-contained psychiatric hospital designed and built according to the Kirkbride Plan.

In spite of being included in the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, the majority of the building was demolished in 2007.[1]

History[edit]

The Danvers State Hospital was officially opened in 1878 after four years of construction.[1] Nathaniel Jeremiah Bradlee served as the designing architect.[1]

Demolition[edit]

Demolition of administration building.

In December 2005, the property was sold to AvalonBay Communities, a residential apartment developer. A lawsuit was filed by a local preservation fund[2] to stave off the demolition of the hospital, including the Kirkbride building, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This did not stop the process, however, and demolition of most of the buildings began in January 2006, with the intent to build 497 apartments on the 77-acre (310,000 m2) site.

By June 2006, all of the Danvers State Hospital buildings that were marked for demolition had been torn down, including all of the unused buildings and old homes on the lower grounds and all of the buildings on the hill. Demolition was done by Testa Corp. of Wakefield, Massachusetts. Despite the anger of many,[who?] the historic Kirkbride was also demolished, with only the outermost brick shell of the administration area (along with the G and D wards on each side) being propped up during demolition and construction while an entirely new structure was built behind and inside of it, leaving the historic Danvers Reservoir and the original brick shell. Much of the wood from the demolition project was salvaged and recycled into flooring and other millwork.[3]

A replica of the original tower/steeple on the Kirkbride was built to duplicate what was removed around 1970, due to structural issues. (The first picture illustrates the original tower in 1893, the second and third pictures illustrate the new replica in 2006 and 2007, and the fourth picture illustrates the one from 1970.) Avalon Bay predicted that they would have properties available for rent or sale by Fall 2007.

Kirkbride complex of the former Danvers State Hospital, pictured in 2010.

On April 7, 2007, four of the apartment complex buildings and four of Avalon Bay's construction trailers burned down in a large fire visible from Boston, nearly 17 mi (27 km) away. Damage was confined mostly to the buildings under construction on the eastern end, but the remaining Kirkbride spires caught fire due to the high heat.[4]

The underground tunnel leading up from the power plant still exists, but is blocked at the top of the hill. Only the exterior of the Kirkbride complex was preserved in the demolition, and the cemeteries, several blocked tunnels, and the brick shell of the administration and the D and G wings are all that remain from the original site. Richard Trask of the Danvers Archival Center wrote, concerning the state's failure to preserve the Kirkbride complex, noting:

The failure to protect and adaptively reuse this grand exterior is a monumental blot in the annals of Massachusetts preservation. What might have been a dignified transformation of a magnificent structure which was originally built to serve the best intentions, but at times lost its way through human frailty, now is a mere ghost-image of itself. And we and our progeny are the losers.[1]

On June 27, 2014, Avalon Bay Communities, Inc,. sold the property for $108.5 M to the DSF Group.[5] The DSF Group released plans for the property to undergo further renovations.[5]

In popular culture[edit]

  • The hospital was the setting for the 2001 horror film Session 9.[2] The asylum was also featured in the 1958 film Home Before Dark.
  • In the book Project 17 by Laurie Faria Stolarz, the plot involves six teens breaking into Danvers to investigate.
  • In the game Painkiller (video game), one of the levels, called Asylum, is based on the central administration section. While the outside is a faithful reproduction, the inside is not.
  • The Danvers State Hospital is believed by literary historians to have served as inspiration for the infamous Arkham sanatorium from H.P. Lovecraft's "The Thing on the Doorstep". (Lovecraft's Arkham, in turn, is the inspiration for Arkham Asylum, a psychiatric hospital within the Batman universe.) It is referenced by name in the short story "Pickman's Model"[6] and in The Shadow over Innsmouth[7]
  • Rob Delaney, who grew up in Massachusetts, devotes a chapter to Danvers in his memoir, Mother. Wife. Sister. Human. Warrior. Falcon. Yardstick. Turban. Cabbage. Prior to its demolition, Delaney explored the hospital with his mother and uncle.

Gallery[edit]

  • Danvers State Hospital, 2008

  • Danvers during the day, October 2007

  • Demolition of hospital

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Trask, Richard M. (2008). "History: Danvers State Hospital". The Danvers Archival Center. Peabody Institute Library. Retrieved May 10, 2017. 
  2. ^ a b Cassidy, Chris (November 9, 2005). "Bad News for Danvers State Hospital". Salem News. Retrieved May 10, 2017 – via Opacity. 
  3. ^ "Longleaf Lumber Salvaged Danvers State Hospital Woods". December 13, 2013. 
  4. ^ Roy, Matthew Kay (April 8, 2007). "Fire at Danvers State Hospital had 'tremendous head start'". Salem News. Retrieved May 9, 2017. 
  5. ^ a b Castelluccio, John (Jul 3, 2014). "Boston group buys Avalon Danvers for $108.5M". Salem News. Retrieved May 10, 2017. 
  6. ^ ""Pickman's Model" by H. P. Lovecraft". hplovecraft.com. 
  7. ^ ""The Shadow over Innsmouth" by H. P. Lovecraft". hplovecraft.com. 

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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