Haguenau

Haguenau Hàwenau
Haguenau
Location within Alsace region  Haguenau
Administration
Country	France
Region	Alsace
Department	Bas-Rhin
Arrondissement	Haguenau
Canton	Haguenau
Intercommunality	Communauté de communes de la région de Haguenau
Mayor	Claude Sturni (2008–2014)
Statistics
Elevation	115–203 m (377–666 ft) (avg. 150 m/490 ft)
Land area1	182.59 km2 (70.50 sq mi)
Population2	34,891  (2006)
- Density	191 /km2 (490 /sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	67180/ 67500
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Haguenau (French: Haguenau, pronounced: [aɡəno]; Alsatian: Hàwenau, [ˈhaːvənaʊ]; German: Hagenau) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department, of which it is a sub-prefecture.

It is second in size in the Bas-Rhin only to Strasbourg, some 30 km (19 mi) to the south. To the north of the town, the Forest of Haguenau (French: Forêt de Haguenau) is the largest undivided forest in France.

Haguenau is a rapidly growing city, its population having increased from 22,644 inhabitants in 1968 to 34,891 inhabitants in 2006. Haguenau's metropolitan area has grown even faster in that period, going from 43,904 inhabitants in 1968 to 64,562 inhabitants in 2006.

History

Haguenau dates from the beginning of the 12th century, and owes its origin to the erection, by the dukes of Swabia, of a hunting lodge on an island in the Moder River. Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa fortified it and gave it town rights in 1154. On the site of the hunting lodge he founded an imperial palace, in which were preserved the "Crown Jewels of the Holy Roman Empire", i.e. the jewelled imperial crown, scepter, imperial globe, and sword of Charlemagne.

Subsequently Haguenau became the seat of the Landvogt of Hagenau, the imperial advocatus in Lower Alsace. Richard of Cornwall, King of the Romans, made it an imperial city in 1257. In the 14th century, it housed the executive council of the Decapole, a defensive and offensive association of ten Alsatian towns against the surrounding political instability. In the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 was ceded to France, and in 1673 King Louis XIV had the fortifications razed. Haguenau was captured by imperial troops in 1675, but it was taken by the French two years later, nearly being destroyed by fire in the process.

In 1871 Haguenau was annexed by the German Empire, per its victory in the Franco-Prussian War, and made part of Alsace-Lorraine as Hagenau.

The Haguenau Airport was built in 1916 by the German military to train fighter and bomber pilots to fight in World War I.

It was part of the independent Republic of Alsace-Lorraine after World War I, but it was annexed by France shortly after that in 1919.

World War II

The Germans retook the city in 1940 and would hold it until 1945 when through the efforts of the U.S. Army it would be returned to France. During the occupation the airport was enlarged and heavily used by both sides.

In November 1944 the area surrounding Haguenau was under the control of the 256th Volksgrenadier Division under the command of Brigadier General Gerhard Franz.

On 1 December 1944, the 314th Infantry Regiment of the 79th Division, VX Corps, 7th U.S. Army, moved into the area near Haguenau, and on 7 December the regiment was given the assignment to take the city and the forest (Forêt de Haguenau) just north that included German ammunition dumps. The attack began at 0645, 9 December, and sometime during the night of 10 December and the early morning of 11 December the Germans withdrew under of the cover of darkness leaving the city proper largely under American control. The 313th Infantry Regiment of the 79th Division was relieved by the 506th PIR of the 101st Airborne Division on 5 February 1945. The 36th Infantry Division would relieve the 101st on 23 February 1945. The city is the site where Medal of Honor recipient Morris E. Crain (Technical Sergeant, U.S. Army, Company E, 141st Infantry, 36th Infantry Division) earned the medal at the cost of his life to give covering fire for his men on 13 March 1945.

Population

Historical population of Haguenau

1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006
20457	22944	25147	26629	27675	32206	34891

Economy

The town has a well balanced economy. Centuries of troubled history in the buffer lands between France and Germany have bequeathed to Haguenau a rich historical and cultural heritage which supports a lively tourist trade. There is also a thriving light manufacturing sector centred on the industrial zone to the west of the town. Here the presence nearby of significant retail developments testifies to Haguenau's importance as a regional commercial centre. The recent extension of the ring road has improved access to the commercial and industrial zones and reduced the traffic congestion which used to be a frequent challenge for vehicle drivers using the road which follows the line of the old city walls on the western side of town.

Sights

St. George's Church

Historical Museum

Fisher's gate

Theatre

Architecture

In spite of the extensive destruction Haguenau suffered during the many wars experienced by Alsace, especially the Thirty Years War, the French conquest in 1677 and World War II, she still keeps monuments from 9 centuries, even if nothing is left of arguably the most prestigious of them, Frederick I Barbarossa's imperial palace (Kaiserpfalz).

Medieval Haguenau retains three gates from its former fortification, the Tour des Chevaliers (Tower of the knights), the Tour des Pêcheurs (Tower of the fishermen) and the Porte de Wissembourg (Wissembourg gate), two fairly large gothic churches, Saint-Georges and Saint-Nicolas, an ancient water-mill and the old custom-house (Ancienne Douane). Both Saint-Georges and Saint-Nicolas Church have lost many of their artistic treasures over the centuries, especially their medieval stained glass windows and outside sculptures. Still, both display to this day some fine liturgical furniture (altars, choir stalls, organ cases, church tabernacles, calvaries...). Saint-Nicolas has become the receptacle for the baroque wooden decoration of the church of the destroyed Neubourg Abbey nearby.

French baroque and classicism has bequeathed the city several buildings, among which the former hospital and the current town hall. The Synagogue (1820) is a fine example of French Neo-classicism, as is the theatre (Théâtre municipal) (1846). The large Hop hall (Halle au houblon) is a good example of historicism in architecture. It was built by the French in 1867 and extended twice by the Germans, in 1881 and 1908.

Haguenau's streets are adorned by attractive fountains, the medieval Saint-Georges fountain, the 18th-century Bee fountain (Fontaine aux abeilles) and the 1825 Dolphin fountain (Fontaine aux dauphins).

Museums

• Musée historique de Haguenau (Historical Museum). The largest museum in Bas-Rhin outside of Strasbourg, it is located in a grand neo-medieval building (1905).
• Musée alsacien (Haguenau) (Alsatian Museum). Located in the former palace of the chancellor (Chancellerie), Haguenau's main Renaissance building.

Higher education

The Institut universitaire de technologie de Haguenau (IUT) was founded in 2006. It is a branch of the University of Strasbourg.

Notable people

See also Category: People from Haguenau.

• Thomas Anshelm (de)
• Werner Barkholt (1902–1942), a Catholic spiritualist
• Alfred von Beckerath (de)
• Charles Berdellé (fr)
• Stéphane Besle
• Philipp Biedert (de)
• Philipp Friedrich Böddecker (1607–1683), a Composer and organist (de)

• David Léon Cahun (1841–1900), a Jewish French traveler, Orientalist and writer
• Wolfgang Fabricius Capito(n) (Köpfel) (1478–1541), a Christian theologian and reformer
• Roger Corbeau (fr)
• Morris E. Crain (1924 - March 13, 1945), a United States Army soldier

• Louis Eisenmann (de)
• Friedrich I. (de)

• Albert Gemmrich
• Karl Gengler (1886–1974), a politician
• Gustave Glotz
• Heinrich Gran (active from 1489 until 1527), a printer of incunabula

• Heinrich von Isny (de)
• Josel of Rosheim (1476–1554), a Jewish shtadlan, born here
• Cédric Klein (fr)
• Diebold Lauber (de)
• Borach Levi, later Joseph Jean François Elie (1721 - ?), a Jewish convert to Christianity
• Eliezer Liebermann (half of the 19th-century), an Austrian Jewish Talmudist son of the rabbi Zeeb-Wolf of this city
• Sébastien Loeb (born 1974), a rally driver
• Marcel Loeffler (fr)
• Adam Friedrich Löwenfinck (de)
• Niklaus von Hagenau (de)

• Jean-Georges Paulus (fr)

• Reinmar of Hagenau, 12th-century minnesinger
• Marie-Louise Roth (born 1926), a literary scientist (de)

• Elie Scheid (1841–1922), a Jewish French communal worker and writer
• Diebold Schilling the Younger (before 1460, Haguenau (?) - 1515 (?)), an Alsatian-Swiss chronicler
• Marius Schneider (fr)
• Elek Schwartz
• Theobald Schwarz (de)
• Pierre Seel (1923–2005), an activist
• Eduard Stadtler (de)
• Johannes Stroux (de)
• Peter Stühlen (de)
• Joseph Thierry (fr)

• Michel Walter (fr)
• Mathieu Weill (1851 - ?), a Jewish French mathematician

Twin towns

Haguenau is twinned with:

• Landau (Germany)

See also

• Communes of the Bas-Rhin department
• Haguenau Airport

References

• INSEE commune file

External links

• Official website (French)
• Haguenau on Structurae.de
• IUT Haguenau
• Robert Thibault, 12ème Régiment d'Artillerie in Hagenau, 1939-1940
• Netcomete / Haguenau: Pictures and people
• Hagenau (Jewish Encyclopedia)